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Development history of global clothing retail

In the 19th century, the industrial revolution era introduced new textile machinery, factories and ready-to-wear, making it possible to produce clothing in batches, and the number of clothing wholesalers increased. However, until the beginning of the 20th century, the global clothing retail industry still took private small stores as the main retail format. Many clothing retail companies were born and developed from Europe in the middle of the 20th century and have gradually become leaders in the clothing retail industry in the 21st century, such as Zara, H&M, TopShop and Primark. It is generally believed that H&M has the longest operation time among these retailers. It opened in Sweden in the form of Hennes in 1947, expanded to London in 1976, and finally entered the United States in 2000. According to the New York Times, the founder Erling Persson's store inspiration came from visiting mass retail stores in the United States after World War II. The founder of Zara, Amancio Ortega, opened his first store in northern Spain in 1975. It is said that he used the same principle as today: let speed become the driving force. When Zara arrived in New York at the beginning of 1990, the New York Times used the word "fast fashion" to describe the mission of the store, claiming that it only took 15 days for a garment to be sold from the designer's brain. Nowadays, with the development of global economy and technology, e-commerce platforms, mobile shopping and new retail have become the mainstream; With the increasing demand of consumers for product quality and design, the clothing industry has begun to produce leading brands of categories, and the simultaneous promotion of online and offline has become the first choice of most clothing retailers.